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OCD Research

Jan 10, 20244 min read

Tools and Strategies to Try

  • Do 1 TIPP ✅ 2024-04-23
  • Do 1 sitting with stuck or intrusive thought: ✅ 2024-04-23
    • Repeat the intrusive thought in my head for a few minutes with eyes closed
    • Draw or write out the intrustive thought on iPad for 10 mins make it fun
    • Sing a song about it

Key Findings

  • Several family studies have found a substantially greater prevalence of OCD (∼10-fold increase) in the first-degree relatives of probands, compared with relatives of controls.1 2 3 4 The risk increases if the relative developed OCD as a child or teen. 5
  • If you, your parent, or a sibling have OCD, there’s a 25% or one in four chance that another immediate family member will also have OCD. 6
  • Population-based twin studies estimate the heritability of dimensional measures of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) to be 40–50%.7 8 9 10 11
  • OCD can start in childhood or early adulthood. Most people who will have the disorder develop it by around age 25. 12
  • People with OCD have some biological traits in common. These include hyperactivity in specific of the brain and an imbalance in neurotransmitters. 12
  • Trials have shown that children and adolescents with OCD should begin treatment with the combination of CBT with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or CBT alone, rather than only an SSRI. 13 14 15
  • About 1 in 100 adults have OCD. 16
  • Experts now believe OCD is caused by the brain and nervous system and not by family problems or behaviors learned in childhood. Genes may play a role in OCD. 16
  • Prevailing theories indicate that OCD is a biological disease. Functional brain imaging studies have produced a model for pathophysiology of OCD which involves hyperactivity in certain subcortical and cortical regions. 17
  • Childhood neurodevelopmental, behavioral, personality and environmental risk factors were associated with a diagnosis of OCD. 18
  • DN likely gene disrupting and predicted damaging missense variants are enriched in OCD probands (RR 1.52, p=0.0005) and contribute to risk. We identified two high-confidence risk genes, each containing two DN damaging variants in unrelated probands: CHD8 and SCUBE1. 19
  • A great study on OCD diagnosis, comorbities, and treatment approaches 20

Graphics and Visuals

Other Research

Footnotes

Footnotes

  1. Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP 2nd, Goodman W, Rasmussen S, Leckman JF. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 76–84. ↩

  2. Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu OJ 3rd, Liang KY, LaBuda M et al. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 358–363. ↩

  3. Grabe HJ, Ruhrmann S, Ettelt S, Buhtz F, Hochrein A, Schulze-Rauschenbach S et al. Familiality of obsessive-compulsive disorder in nonclinical and clinical subjects. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1986–1992. ↩

  4. Fyer AJ, Lipsitz JD, Mannuzza S, Aronowitz B, Chapman TF. A direct interview family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. I. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 1611–1621. ↩

  5. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9490-ocd-obsessive-compulsive-disorder ↩

  6. https://thebanyans.com.au/ocd-risk-factors/ ↩

  7. Clifford CA, Murray RM, Fulker DW. Genetic and environmental influences on obsessional traits and symptoms. Psychol Med 1984; 14: 791–800 ↩

  8. Jonnal AH, Gardner CO, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Obsessive and compulsive symptoms in a general population sample of female twins. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96: 791–796. ↩

  9. Eley TC, Bolton D, O’Connor TG, Perrin S, Smith P, Plomin R. A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2003; 44: 945–960. ↩

  10. Hudziak JJ, Van Beijsterveldt CE, Althoff RR, Stanger C, Rettew DC, Nelson EC et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to the Child Behavior Checklist Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: a cross-cultural twin study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61: 608–616. ↩

  11. Taylor S.. Etiology of obsessions and compulsions: a meta-analysis and narrative review of twin studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31: 1361–1372 ↩

  12. https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/obsessive-compulsive-disorder ↩ ↩2

  13. Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Team (27 October 2004). “Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Sertraline, and Their Combination for Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Randomized Controlled Trial”. JAMA. 292 (16): 1969–1976. doi:10.1001/jama.292.16.1969. PMID 15507582. ↩

  14. Geller, Daniel A.; Biederman, Joseph; Stewart, S. Evelyn; Mullin, Benjamin; Martin, Andrés; Spencer, Thomas; Faraone, Stephen V. (November 2003). “Which SSRI? A Meta-Analysis of Pharmacotherapy Trials in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder”. American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (11): 1919–1928. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1919. PMID 14594734. S2CID 8711232. ↩

  15. Geller, Daniel A.; March, John (January 2012). “Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder”. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 51 (1): 98–113. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.019. PMID 22176943. ↩

  16. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1&contentid=633 ↩ ↩2

  17. https://med.stanford.edu/ocd/about/understanding.html ↩

  18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21672296/ ↩

  19. https://escholarship.org/content/qt9q45k5r8/qt9q45k5r8.pdf?t=rvnflu ↩

  20. https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/200641/20231117-4512-6urkzg.pdf ↩

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